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If a person intends to observe a supererogatory fast, then he is invited to eat when visiting some relatives and he eats, is there any sin on him, or does he have to repeat that day so long as he intended to fast?
Praise be to Allah.
If a Muslim intends to fast one day and starts to fast, then he wants to break that fast, he may do so, because completing a voluntary fast is not obligatory . But it is recommended for him to complete it if he has no reason for not doing so or no reason for breaking it; if there is a reason for breaking his fast there is no sin in doing so.
This is indicated by a number of Hadiths, including the following:
An-Nawawi (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
“This clearly supports the view of Ash-Shafi`i and those who agreed with him, that a supererogatory fast may be broken , and one may eat during the day and cancel the fast, because it is a voluntary fast, and the person has the choice whether to start it and continue it. Among those who were of this view are a number of the Companions, Ahmad, Ishaq and others, but all of them (may Allah have mercy on them), and Ash-Shafi`i too, agreed that it is recommended to complete the fast. Abu Hanifah and Malik (may Allah have mercy on them) said that it is not permissible to break the fast and doing so is a sin. This is also the view of Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Makhul and An-Nakh`i (may Allah have mercy on them); they said that it is obligatory for the one who breaks the fast without an excuse to make it up. Ibn `Abd Al-Barr (may Allah have mercy on him) said: They unanimously agreed that the one who has an excuse for breaking the fast does not have to make it up. And Allah knows best.”
It says in Tuhfat Al-Ahwadhi, commenting on this Hadith:
“The Hadiths on this topic indicate that it is permissible for the one who is observing a voluntary fast to break it, especially if he is invited to eat by a Muslim .”
And Allah knows best.