Is it to be understood from what Ibn ‘Umar and Abu Hurayrah did, and the fact that the people said takbeer when they heard their takbeer, that this was takbeer in unison?

Praise be to Allah.

We have previously discussed the ruling on saying takbeer in unison, and we have quoted the opinions of the scholars concerning that. We have also stated that quoting the report narrated by al-Bukhaari in his Saheeh (2/20) – which says that Ibn ‘Umar and Abu Hurayrah used to go out to the marketplace on the first ten days of Dhu’l-Hijjah saying takbeer, and the people would say takbeer with their takbeer – to suggest that it is prescribed to say takbeer in the manner that is done nowadays, reciting takbeer in unison, is a view that is subject to doubt and further discussion.

Please see fatwa 127851. 

To sum up: Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) and Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) used to go out to the marketplace and say takbeer in that place where people are usually heedless because they are distracted, so people will be reminded by the takbeer, and each one will say takbeer on his own, after that reminder, so the numbers of those who say takbeer will be many as a result of that. 

This has nothing to do with dividing people into two groups, or whatever else was mentioned of such made-up things for which there is no basis in the reports at all. 

With regard to the words of ash-Shaafa‘i in al-Umm (1/264): When they see the new moon of Shawwaal, I like for the people to say takbeer in groups and individually, in the mosque, marketplaces, streets and homes, both travellers and non-travellers, in all situations, wherever they are, and for them to say the takbeer out loud, and to continue to say takbeer until they go out to the prayer-place [on the day of Eid al-Adha], and after sunrise, until the imam comes out for the prayer, then they should stop saying takbeer. End quote –

this is not speaking of takbeer in unison as it is known nowadays, in which they all start together and end together, and we have not come across anything to that effect in the books of his companions, even though they paid a great deal of attention to details in such matters, to the extent that they devoted chapters to the “takbeer” or the “takbeer on the two Eids” in many of their books. 

What appears to be the case, and Allah knows best, is that it is to be understood as meaning that each one should say takbeer, whether he is on his own or with a group, all of whom are saying takbeer, in the mosque or any other place that he mentioned, without them all doing so in unison. 

It is well-known that if the text is ambiguous, in that case it cannot be used as evidence, therefore what we mentioned in the fatwa referred to above is not contradicted by any text. 

However we should point out that the view that this kind of saying takbeer in unison is an innovation is not a recent view; rather it was stated by leading scholars a long time ago, including Ibn al-Haaj, who said in his book al-Madhkal (2/285), when discussing the takbeer of Eid: Moreover they recite takbeer in unison,and that is an innovation, because what is prescribed is for each person to say takbeer for himself, and not to say it in unison with others. End quote. 

And Allah knows best.