Praise be to Allah.
If the bank gives the money to the entrepreneur to buy his equipment on the basis that he will pay the money back with something extra, then this is a riba-based loan which is haraam, whether the money is paid in the form of cash, cheques, vouchers or anything else. But if the bank buys part of the equipment for itself, then it resells it for a higher price paid in instalments, there is nothing wrong with that, and it may keep the ownership documents until the borrower has paid off all the instalments. The fuqaha’ stated that it is permissible for the item to be held in pledge for its price (until it is paid off). It stays in a statement of the Islamic Fiqh Council: The seller has no right to retain ownership of the sold item after it is sold, but it is permissible for the seller to stipulate that the sold item be regarded as collateral in order to guarantee his rights to have the instalments paid off in full.
See the answer to questions no. 69877 and 140603
Based on that, what you have to do is look at the contract between the customer and the bank, to find out the role of the bank, so that it will be possible to issue a specific ruling on this issue.
And Allah knows best.
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