Is Whistling Prohibited?

Praise be to Allah.

The difference between customs and acts of worship

Before looking at minor issues such as these, it should first be understood that the basic principle with regard to acts of worship is that they are not allowed ; Allah may only be worshipped in the ways that He has prescribed in His Book or on the lips of His Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him).

The basic principle concerning customs or traditions is that they are permissible; it is not prohibited to do things that people are accustomed to doing of ordinary things, except on the basis of evidence from sharee`ah which forbids that. So long as we do not find any such evidence, it is not prohibited to do that thing.

Shaykh Al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allah have mercy on him) said:

“The basic principle with regard to customs and traditions is that they are permissible, and none of them are to be prohibited except that which Allah has forbidden, otherwise we will become like those referred to in the verse in which Allah says (interpretation of the meaning): {Say (O Muhammad to these polytheists): `Tell me, what provision Allah has sent down to you! And you have made of it lawful and unlawful.’ Say (O Muhammad): `Has Allah permitted you (to do so), or do you invent a lie against Allah?’} [Yunus 10:59] Hence Allah condemned the polytheists who ordained as religious practices things for which Allah had not given permission, and they prohibited things that He had not prohibited. (End quote from Majmu` Al-Fatawa, 29/17)

Shaykh Ibn `Uthaymin (may Allah have mercy on him) said:

“The difference between customs and acts of worship:

Worship is that which Allah and His Messenger have enjoined as a means of drawing closer to Allah and seeking His reward.

Custom is that which people are accustomed to with regard to food, drink, accommodation, clothing, means of transportation, transactions and so on.

There is another difference, which is that the basic principle concerning acts of worship is that they are not allowed and are prohibited unless there is evidence to prove that they are (acceptable) acts of worship, because Allah, may He be exalted, says (interpretation of the meaning): {Or have they partners with Allah (false gods), who have instituted for them a religion which Allah has not allowed} [Ash-Shura 42:21]. As for customs, the basic principle is that they are permissible, unless there is evidence to prove that they are not allowed. Based on that, if the people are accustomed to something and anyone tells them that it is haram, then he is required to produce evidence; it should be said to him: Where is the evidence that it is haram? But in the case of acts of worship, if someone tells a person that a particular act of worship is an innovation, and he says that it is not an innovation, we say to him: Where is the evidence that is it is not an innovation? Because the basic principle with regard to acts of worship is that they are not allowed unless there is evidence to prove that they are Islamically prescribed.” (End quote from Liqa’ Al-Bab Al-Maftuh, 72/2)

Is whistling prohibited?

In the answer to question no. 115403  we discussed the issue of whistling and noted that the scholars differed concerning the ruling on it, but the view that is more likely to be correct is that it is disliked in the case of men.

But in the case of women, it is even more disliked, and it may be said that it is prohibited, because it is an action that is not appropriate for women and it is an imitation of men , and indeed of the foolish ones among men, and it is not appropriate for a Muslim woman to do this thing under any circumstances. So the Muslim woman is emphatically disallowed to do this action, especially if that is in a gathering, even if only women are present. If men are present in the gathering, then it is quite obvious that this comes under the heading of obscenity.

Is sitting with the legs crossed a sign of arrogance?

The idea that sitting with the legs crossed is a sign of arrogance is a notion for which there is no evidence. The basic principle concerning traditions and customs is that they are permissible, and this manner of sitting comes under the heading of customs for which no prohibition has been narrated, so it remains as is (i.e., permissible).

Al-Bukhari (6287) and Muslim (2100) narrated from `Abbad ibn Tamim that his paternal uncle said: I saw the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) lying on his back in the mosque, putting one leg on top of the other.

In Al-Musannaf, Ibn Abu Shaybah narrated a number of reports from the Companions and Successors, stating that they used to lie on their backs and sit, putting one leg on top of the other, including `Umar ibn Al-Khattab, his son `Abdullah, Ibn Mas`d, Bilal, Usamah ibn Zayd, `Ikrimah and others. (Al-Musannaf, 5/227-228)

He narrated with an authentic chain of narration (5/228) from Al-Hakam that he said: I asked Abu Mijlaz about a man sitting and putting one leg on top of the other. He said: There is nothing wrong with it; rather it is something that the Jews disliked. They said that Allah created the heavens and the earth in six days, then on the Sabbath He rose over the Throne and sat in this manner.

However we must also pay attention to people’s traditions and customs with regard to such matters, which vary from one time and place to another, and one should avoid doing anything that will cause people to think badly or speak badly of him, as much as possible.

It says in Matalib uli An-Nuha (1/351) by Ar-Ruhaybani (may Allah have mercy on him):

“Ibn `Aqil said: It is not appropriate to go against people’s customs and traditions, out of consideration towards them and so as to avoid causing offence, except with regard to things that are prohibited, if it is customary among them to do such things or not to care about them. In that case it is obligatory to go against them, whether they approve of that or not.” (End quote)

Ad-Dardir Al-Maliki (may Allah have mercy on him) said in Ash-Sharh As-Saghir (p. 284):

“Dignity means striving to attain a level of perfection by guarding against anything that will incur criticism on the basis of what is customary, even if it appears to be permissible.” (End quote)

Ibn `Uthaymin (may Allah have mercy on him) said:

“The guideline with regard to dignity is that one should not do or say anything for which people will criticise him.” (End quote from Ash-Sharh Al-Mumti`, 11/108)

For more information, please see also the answer to question no. 129182

Does moving the feet or legs while sitting take the blessing away from the house?

The idea that moving the feet or legs whilst sitting is not good because it will take the blessing away from the house is also a notion for which there is no evidence. The basic principle concerning that is that it is permissible, as discussed in detail above.

Whoever says that blessing will be taken away from the house because of this action is inventing an idea for which there is no evidence in the texts and is saying something for which there is no proof.

How should women sit?

With regard to women, a woman should sit in a modest and composed manner, and she should not sit in a manner for which she will be criticised, especially in the presence of men, even if it is basically permissible. Modesty in all things is a sign of dignity.

And Allah knows best.