Praise be to Allah.
Firstly:
We praise Allah, may He be exalted, for having guided you and enabled you to repent and come back to Islam once more, and we ask Him to make us and you steadfast until death.
Secondly:
If both spouses apostatise after consummation of the marriage, separation between them depends on whether the ‘iddah ends without them coming back to Islam. If they both come back to Islam before the end of the ‘iddah, then their marriage contract remains valid, but if their return to Islam is delayed, or the return of one of them to Islam is delayed, until the ‘iddah comes to an end, then their marriage is annulled according to the majority of fuqaha’.
Ash-Shiraazi ash-Shaafa‘i said in his book at-Tanbeeh (165): If two Muslim spouses apostatise, or one of them apostatises, before consummation of the marriage, then they have to be separated immediately.
If that happens after consummation of the marriage, then separation depends on whether the ‘iddah has come to an end. If they both come back to Islam before the end of the ‘iddah, then their marriage contract remains valid, but if they do not come back to Islam before the end of the ‘iddah, then they are to be separated. End quote.
Ibn Qudaamah (may Allah have mercy on him) said in al-Mughni (7/174): If both spouses apostatise together, then the ruling on both is the same as the ruling if only one of them had apostatised. If that happens before consummation of the marriage, then they have to be separated immediately, but if it happened after that, do they have to be separated immediately or does it depend on whether the ‘iddah has ended? There are two views. This is the view of ash-Shaafa‘i. Ahmad said, according to the report of Ibn Mansoor: If both of them, or one of them, apostatised, then repented, then he has more right to keep her, so long as the ‘iddah has not ended. End quote.
Some of the scholars think that if the ‘iddah has ended and they have not yet come back to Islam, or one of them has not yet come back, then their marriage contract remains in effect if the wife agrees to that and has not married someone else.
See: Fataawa Arkaan al-Islam by Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (p. 29), and the answer to question no. 21690.
The ‘iddah of a pregnant woman lasts until she gives birth. The ‘iddah of one who is not pregnant lasts for three menstrual cycles if she menstruates. The ‘iddah of a post-menopausal woman is three months.
Thirdly:
You stated that you got back together after less than three months. If you got back together at the same time as coming back to Islam, then your marriage contract remains valid, if you came back to Islam before the end of the ‘iddah.
So if your husband is now in jail and you want to separate from him, you have no choice but to ask for talaaq (divorce) or khul‘.
It is not permissible to ask for that except for a valid shar‘i reason, such as if the husband is persisting in evil deeds such as zina (fornication) or drinking alcohol, or if the wife dislikes him and cannot bear to stay with him.
Khul‘ involves the woman giving up her mahr, or part of it, or giving her husband money, according to what they agree upon.
As you have not taken your mahr from him, khul‘ may be done by waiving your right to this mahr or part of it. Once the talaaq or khul‘ is concluded, then you must observe ‘iddah from the time when the talaaq or khul‘ was concluded. Then after your ‘iddah is over, you may marry whomever you want. The iddah of a woman who is divorced by talaaq is what has been explained above: if she is pregnant then it is until she gives birth, and if she menstruates then it is three menstrual cycles. In the case of khul‘ the ‘iddah is one menstrual cycle, but if she is pregnant, then it is until she gives birth.
See also fatwa no. 14569.
If you got back together without coming back to Islam, or if either you or your husband delayed returning to Islam until the ‘iddah had ended, then the marriage contract is annulled according to the majority of fuqaha’.
We stated above that there are some scholars who say that the couple’s marriage contract remains valid, if the wife agrees to that.
What appears to be the case from your question is that you do not want to stay with this man. As that is the case, we say: if the ‘iddah ended before you both came back to Islam, or before he came back to Islam, then your marriage contract has been annulled, and it is permissible for you to marry someone else.
In that case:
If you had one menstrual cycle after the last time you were together, then you do not need to establish that you are not pregnant (by waiting for another menstrual cycle). If that is not the case, then you should not marry anyone else until you have established that you are not pregnant, by waiting for one menstrual cycle, because of the general meaning of the words of the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) concerning the female captives of Awtaas: “No one should have intercourse with a pregnant woman until she has given birth, or with one who is not pregnant until one menstrual cycle has passed.” Narrated by Abu Dawood (2157) and at-Tirmidhi (1564); classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh Abi Dawood.
And Allah knows best.
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