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I would like to know what to say (du’a) before the adhan (call to prayer) and iqamah (final call to prayer) and after the adhan and iqamah.
Praise be to Allah.
With regard to du’a before the adhan , there is no du’a to be recited before the adhan as far as I know. If this time is singled out for any type of du’a, this is a reprehensible innovation (bid’ah). But if it is done by coincidence and accidentally, then there is nothing wrong with it.
With regard to before the iqamah, when the muadhdhin (caller to prayer) is about to start the iqamah, we know of no specific words to be recited at this time. Doing so when there is no solid shar’i (religious legal) evidence is a reprehensible innovation (bid’ah).
With regard to the time between the adhan and iqamah, du’a is encouraged at this time and it is mustahabb (preferred).
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Du’a is not rejected between the adhan and iqamah, so engage in du’a (supplication).” (Narrated by al-Tirmidhi, 212; Abu Dawud, 437; Ahmad, 12174 – this version narrated by him. Classed as sahih by al-Albani in Sahih Abi Dawud, 489).
There is a specific du’a to be said immediately after the adhan:
Jabir ibn ‘Abd-Allah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Whoever says when he hears the call to prayer : ‘Allahumma Rabba hadhihi’l-da’wat il-tammah wa’l-salat il-qaimah, ati Muhammadan il wasilata wa’l-fadilah, wab’athhu maqaman mahmudan illadhi wa’adtah (O Allah, Lord of this perfect call and the prayer to be offered, grant Muhammad the privilege (of intercession) and also the eminence, and resurrect him to the praised position that You have promised),’ my intercession for him will be permitted on the Day of Resurrection.” (Narrated by al-Bukhari, 589)
With regard to du’a after the iqamah, we know of no evidence for this. If any specific du’a is made in the absence of any sound evidence, it is an innovation (bid’ah).
With regard to du’a at the time of the adhan, it is Sunnah to repeat what the muadhdhin is saying , except when he says “Hayya ‘ala’l-salah, hayya ‘ala’l-falah (Come to prayer, come to success),” when you should say ‘La hawla wa la quwwata illa Billah (there is no power and no strength except with Allah).”
‘Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “If the muadhdhin says ‘Allahu akbar, Allahu akbar’ and one of you says, ‘Allahu akbar, Allahu akbar’; then he says ‘Ashhadu an la ilaha ill-Allah’ and you say ‘Ashhadu an la ilaha ill-Allah’; then he says, ‘Ash-hadu anna Muhammadan Rasul Allah’ and you say, ‘Ash-hadu anna Muhammadan Rasul Allah’; then he says, ‘Hayya ‘ala’l-salah’ and you say ‘La hawla wa la quwwata illa Billah’; then he says, ‘Hayya ‘ala’l-falah’ and you say ‘La hawla wa la quwwata illa Billah’; then he says, ‘Allahu akbar, Allahu akbar’ and you say, ‘Allahu akbar, Allahu akbar’; then he says ‘La ilaha ill-Allah’ and you say, ‘La ilaha ill-Allah’ from the heart, you will enter Paradise.” (Narrated by Muslim, 385).
With regard to saying du’a at the time of the iqamah, some scholars regard it as being like the adhan , so it is mustahabb to repeat the words. Other scholars do not regard it as mustahabb, because of the weakness of the hadith which speaks of repeating the words of the iqamah. These scholars include al-Shaykh Muhammad ibn Ibrahim, in al-Fatawa, 2/136, and al-Shaykh al-‘Uthaymin in al-Sharh al-Mumti’, 2/84.
Can we say ‘Aqamaha Allah wa adamaha Allah’ during iqamah?
It is a mistake to say “Aqamaha Allah wa adamaha Allah” when the muadhdhin says “Qad qamat il-salah,” because the hadeeth narrated concerning this is da’if (weak).
It was narrated from Abu Umamah (may Allah be pleased with him) or from one of the Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) that Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him) began to recite the iqamah and when he said, “Qad qamat il-salah,” the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, “Aqamaha Allah wa adamaha Allah.” And he said concerning the rest of the iqamah something like what is mentioned in the hadith of ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) about the adhan. (Narrated by Abu Dawud, 528. This hadith was classed as da’if (weak) by al-Hafiz ibn Hajar in al-Talkhis al-Habir, 1/211)
And Allah knows best.