Praise be to Allah.
With regard to the man who died and left behind a mother, wife, and children, his estate is to be divided as follows:
Firstly: the mother is entitled to one sixth, because there are descendants who inherit from him. That is because Allah, may He be exalted, says (interpretation of the meaning):
“For parents, a sixth share of inheritance to each if the deceased left children; if no children, and the parents are the (only) heirs, the mother has a third; if the deceased left brothers or (sisters), the mother has a sixth”
[an-Nisa’ 4:11].
Secondly: the wife is entitled to one eighth, because there are descendants who inherit. That is because Allah, may He be exalted, says (interpretation of the meaning):
“In that which your wives leave, your share is a half if they have no child; but if they leave a child, you get a fourth of that which they leave after payment of legacies that they may have bequeathed or debts. In that which you leave, their (your wives) share is a fourth if you leave no child; but if you leave a child, they get an eighth of that which you leave after payment of legacies that you may have bequeathed or debts”
[an-Nisa’ 4:12].
Thirdly: with regard to the children, they are entitled to the remainder of the estate, after the mother and wife have taken their shares, and they should divide it among themselves with each male getting the share of two females.
Once it is established that the mother gets one sixth, she is entitled to it and it becomes her property as soon as her son has died. Then if she dies before the estate is divided, her share from her son who died is to be taken from his estate as if she were still alive, then it is inherited by her heirs, along with the rest of her wealth. However it should be noted that inheritance becomes irrevocably part of a person’s property, but if he wants to give it up after that to some of his heirs, there is nothing wrong with that. Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Taking possession by means of inheritance is something irrevocable, and it becomes the heir’s property whether he likes it or not. Allah, may He be exalted, says (interpretation of the meaning):
“In that which your wives leave, your share is a half”
[an-Nisa’ 4:12]
“For parents, a sixth share of inheritance to each”
[an-Nisa’ 4:11].
Hence if one of the heirs says: I am rich and I do not want my inheritance from So and so, we say to him: Your inheritance is proven whether you want it or not, and it is not possible for you to avoid it. But if you want to give it up to one of the other heirs or to someone else, that is up to you after it has come into your possession.
End quote from ash-Sharh al-Mumti‘ (6/142)
Based on that, if the share of these three sons from their mother’s estate has been decided, whether that is from all of her estate or from this portion that she inherited from her son who died, then after knowing what it is they may give it up to their brother’s children or to anyone else, however they wish.
Moreover, what they have given up comes under the rulings on gifts, with regard to the manner in which it is to be divided. If they say it should be divided equally, then it should be divided equally among them, but if they say that it should be divided among them according to the shares of inheritance that each of them would receive according to sharee‘ah, then it should be divided among them accordingly. If they stipulated some other way of dividing it, in which some individuals are given more than others, then they also have the right to do that. What they have given up is not an inheritance or a gift from a parent in which it is obligatory to be just and fair in sharing it out.
And Allah knows best.
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