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Whoever passes the meeqaat, intending to do Hajj or ‘Umrah, has to enter ihraam from the meeqaat. If he passes it and does not enter ihraam, then he has to go back and enter ihraam from there. If he does not do that, and enters ihraam after passing the meeqaat, the best known view among the scholars is that he has to offer a sacrifice, so he should slaughter a sheep in Makkah and distribute its meat to the poor.
Shaykh Ibn Baaz (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:
Whoever passes the meeqaat for Hajj or ‘Umrah and does not enter ihraam has to go back and enter ihraam for Hajj or ‘Umrah from the meeqaat, because the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) commanded that, as he said: “The people of Madeenah should enter ihraam from Dhu’l-Hulayfah, the people of Syria from al-Jahfah, the people of Najd from Qarn and the people of Yemen from Yalamlam.”
If his intention is to perform Hajj or ‘Umrah then he has to enter ihraam from the meeqaat that he passes. So if he is coming via Madeenah he should enter ihraam from Dhu’l-Hulayfah; if he is coming via Syria, Egypt or North Africa he should enter ihraam from al-Jahfah which is in Raabigh; if he is coming via Yemen he should enter ihraam from Yalamlam; if he is coming from Najd or al-Taa’if he should enter ihraam from the valley of Qarn which is known nowadays as al-Sayl, or some people call it Wadi Muharram. He should enter ihraam from that point for Hajj or ‘Umrah, or for both together…”
Fataawa Islamiyyah, 2/201.
Shaykh Ibn Jibreen said:
Whoever enters ihraam after passing the meeqaat has to offer a sacrifice. And Allaah knows best.
Fataawa Islamiyyah, 2/198.