It is permissible to miss Jumu`ah and prayers in congregation in the event of heavy rain, cold wind or snow which is bothersome to people and makes it difficult for them to go to Jumu`ah.

It is permissible to get the attention of one who is speaking during the khutbah by means of a gesture. The Sahabah did that and the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) approved of what they did.

If you catch up with the Imam after he has stood up from Ruku`, this means that you have missed the Jumu`ah prayer. But if a person does not catch up with the prayer for a reason that is beyond his control, then there is no sin on him.

What is meant by ‘stepping over the people’s necks’ is that the one who does that lifts his foot above the shoulders of those who are sitting in order to pass them. Prophet Muhammad forbade stepping over people’s necks during the Friday Khutbah because that causes annoyance to those who are sitting. An exception to the prohibition on stepping over people’s necks is made for the Imam if he has no way to reach the Minbar or Mihrab except by stepping over people’s necks.

If a woman prays Dhuhr in her house on Friday, then she should pray the Sunnah prayers that come before and after Dhuhr, as she does daily.